0411-11

上一篇 / 下一篇  2008-04-12 15:10:18

Are these terms still negotiable? 
今天要教大家一个非常重要而且又非常好用的字,那就是"Negotiate"。什么意思呢?那就是可以讨价还价,有商有量。相信大家曾看过英文的求才广告,里面通常会看到一句话:"Salary is negotiable." ‘薪水是可以商量的。当你讨论合约内容的时候,有时候你应该问一问:"Are these terms still negotiable?" ‘请问你们的条约还有商量的余地吗?其实你也可以跑去跟你的老板说:"I’d like to re-negotiate my salary." ‘我想重新和你谈一谈我的薪水问题。甚至于男女朋友之间也可以拿来讨价还价的,如果男朋友对你不好的话,你可以跟他说:"I’m leaving you, that’s not open to negotiation." ‘我要离开你,而且没有商量的余地。

对话
A
Can you tell me a bit more about the terms?
B
Certainly. What else would you like to know?
A
What about paid holidays?
B
There are three weeks of paid holidays a year.
A
And does your company give a bonus?
B
No, it doesn’t.
A
Are these terms still negotiable?
B
I’m afraid not.
甲:可不可以告诉我多一点这份工作的待遇呢?

乙:当然可以。你还想知道些什么呢﹖

甲:有薪假期有多少天呢?

乙:一年有三个星期有薪假期。
甲:还有,你们公司会发花红吗?

乙:不会。
甲:这些条件是不是仍有商量余地呢?

乙:恐怕没有了。

合约内容、货品价格等,经常有商议余地,这商议叫negotiate,难听一点则叫haggle。假如你要商议合约内容,可以说:Are these terms negotiable?(条件可以商量么?)假如认为不必商议,则可以说:I don’t want to haggle (with you) over the terms.(我不想就合约的内容跟你争来争去。)

不过,在有些地方买东西,你实在不能太过大方:Sometimes, you can haggle down prices by as much as 50%.(有时,你可以杀价,杀至原价的一半。)

求职者面试时,往往也不能不商议薪金。不少征聘广告就写明:Salary is negotiable.(薪金须洽商决定)。雇主问:What sort of salary do you expect?(薪金你希望有多少?)怎样回答呢?你当然可以说:I expect a salary of around $25,000.(我希望薪金有二万五千元左右。)但这未免说得太死;要灵活一点,可以用问句形式回答:Would $25,000 be reasonable?(二万五千元,合理吗?)假如雇主同意,就会说:Yes, I think so.(我想是合理的。);不同意,则可说:I’m afraid we can’t go as high as that. How about $20,000?(我们恐怕不能付那么高的薪酬。二万元怎么样?)双方就这样讨价还价。 Would be reasonable? 这个说法,只要懂得活用,商议合约时一定可派用场。

May I ask what you are getting at? 
如果你曾经做过生意,相信你一定遇过这样的人,谈天说地,就是不讲正题。他可能告诉你现在经济低迷,生意真的很不好做,而且他家里上有高堂,下面还有三岁的幼子,钱真是不好赚。说了半天,眼泪只差没流出来了,就只是没有说出他的意图,可能只是要你暂缓追他的债。遇到这情况,你也可以问他:“May I ask what you are getting at?" ‘请问你到底是什么意思呢?

对话
A
I wonder if you can get them done some how in a way that......
B
May I ask what you are getting at?
A
Sure. All I want to know is if it’s possible to expect any reduction on these prices.
B
I’m afraid not. These are really our lowest wholesale prices.
A
I see.
B
Actually, due to the current oil shortage, material costs have gone up incredibly, you know.
甲:我在想,不知你们是否可以某种方式做到使它
......
乙:请问你指的是什么意思呢?

甲:可以,我最想知道的是你们再有没有减价的余地。

乙:恐怕不可以了。这真的是我们最便宜的批发价了。

甲:我明白。

乙:事实上,由于目前的石油短缺,物料的价格上涨到一个难以置信的地步。

其实在日常生活中用“May I ask what you are getting at?"‘我可不可以请问你到底是什么意思呢?已是一个非常有礼貌的说法,如果你觉得这个客人已经有点点讨厌的话,你也可以问他说:“What are you trying to say?"‘请问你到底想说些什么?如果你已经对这个人感到不耐烦的话,你还可以问他说:“What’s your point?"‘请问你的重点在那里?这种说法,其实已经相当不客气了。

暗示意指,英文叫get atI’m not sure what he’s getting at我不能肯定他意何所指。一个同义的说法是drive at,例如:May I know what you are driving at?(请问你想说的是什么?)

有些人说话转弯抹角,这英文称为beat about / around the bush,直译是抽打丛林。从前英国贵族出猎,会遣仆人用木棍等在丛林中四处敲打,惊起藏身其中的鸟兽以便射击。所以,beat about / around the bush旁敲侧击的意思,引伸为说话转弯抹角,例如:Stop beating about the bush. Tell me directly what you want.(不要再转弯抹角了,你想怎样就直接说出来吧。)和beat about the bush相反的,是go / get straight to the point,即开门见山说出要点,例如:I had better go straight to the point: is it possible to expect any price reductions?(我还是开门见山直说吧:价钱减一点可以吗?)

假如人家的回答是I’m afraid not(恐怕不能减了),那么,通常你可以提出两点请他考虑:第一,你订的货不少;第二,你以后还会大批订购他们的其它产品:But this is a bulk order, and we may place similar orders for your company’s other products. 这样,对方就可能让步:Yes, I realize that. Well, I could give you a 2% discount.(我明白;好吧,给你2%折扣吧。)

Could you put that in more specific terms? 

中国人说先礼后兵,先小人后君子。如果你在跟你的合作厂商甚至你的老板谈订合约的时候,切记要看清楚。如果看到条款意思含糊,模棱两可的话,你应该跟他说:“Could you put that in more specific terms?"‘你可以把这个条款写得具体一点吗?有些人说起话来喜欢话中有话,让你听起话来像雾里看花。这个时候你可以问问他:“Could you be more specific?"‘请问你讲话可以具体一点吗?或者你也可以问他:“What exactly do you mean?"‘你到底是什么意思呢?基于某些特定的原因,医生都不能跟他的病人说实话。例如你到牙医院去希望做点整型矫正手术,但是医生一直不愿意说要拔掉你的几颗牙齿。这时候你可以单刀直入问他:“Doctor, to be more specific, how many teeth will you pull out?"‘医生呀,具体来说到底你要拔掉我几颗牙呢?
对话

A
We'd like to know what your plant is technically capable of.
B
Could you put that in more specific terms?
A
Certainly. What's your monthly production, and quality control system?
B
I see. Our production manager can answer those queries for you. I'll go and get him.
甲:我们想知道,贵工厂在技术上可以做到些什么呢?

乙:你可不可以说得具体一点呢?
甲:当然可以。你们工厂每个月的生产量和品质管理系统是怎样?
乙:我明白了。我会去请我们的生产部经理回答你的问题。

Could you put that in more specific terms?(你可不可以说得具体一点呢?)这一句,有两个字值得注意。第一个是那简单的put字。Put这里不解作放在,而是表达的意思。所以,称许别人措辞明白、得宜等,可以说:That is very well put.;换言之,是to put it (in) another wayTo put it simply, he is an idiot. 简而言之,他是个笨蛋。"Women are poets by just being women." as Jose Marti puts it正如马蒂说,『女人只要不失女人的本质,就是诗人了』

第二个字是term。这个term字眼,例如 a medical term医学用语Term字常见于in...termsin terms of...的说法,意思是……的字眼,例如:He spoke of his children in very affectionate terms/in terms of great affection.(他非常慈爱的谈到儿女。)引伸其义,in terms of可解作……而言,例如:In terms of monthly production, our plant is doing very well.(就每月生产量而言,我们的工厂表现出色。)

假如你发觉自己的说话,人家不明白或误解了,可以说:Let me clarify that(我须澄清这一点)、Let me rephrase that(我改用另一说法吧)等,例如:"What is your plant technically capable of?"(你们工厂技术上能做什么?)"Do you mean what we are technically capable of manufacturing?"(你是不是问我们技术上可以制造什么?)"No, let me rephrase that. What is your monthly production?"(不是,我改个说法吧。你们每月生产量是多少?)

Let me have a word with my boss first. 

记得小时候如果男孩子要约我出去,我总是把爸爸妈妈搬出来当挡箭牌说:我要问问爸爸、妈妈才知道。长大之后进入商场,你的客户有时会提出一些不合理的要求,你也可以把老板拿出来当挡箭牌,你可以说:"Let me have a word with my boss first."‘先让我跟我的老板谈一谈吧。此外,你还可以说:"I need to confirm with my boss first."‘我得先跟我的老板确认一下再说。还有一个说法是:"Let me get the authorization first."‘先让我拿到授权再说吧。
对话

A
How long is this lease?
B
Five years.
A
Would it be possible to rent it for a shorter time?
B
I think it would. But let me have a word with my boss first.
May I use your phone?
A
Sure. Go ahead. And would you ask if the rent is still negotiable or not?
甲:租期是多久?

乙:五年。
甲:有没有可能把租期改短些呢?

乙:我想是可以的,但先让我跟老板商量一下。我可以借用你的电话吗?
甲:当然可以,请随便用。还有,可不可以问问租金是否仍有商量余地呢?

How long is this lease?是说租期有多久?lease一字可不可改为rent?答案是不可以。作动词,leaserent两字往往通用,指租赁,例如:I rented/leased the apartment to an American couple.(我把那个套房租了给一对美国夫妇。)不过,lease强调租约,rent则强调租金。作名词用,lease也是指租约或租期,rent则是指租金。问租约长短,自然应说How long is the lease?问租金多少,则应说How much is the rent?

lease的意思引伸,人、机械等获得新生或延长寿命,可说to get a new lease of life,例如:The reparation work has given the old building a new lease of life.(那栋旧建筑物修复之后,寿命得以延长。)

房屋经纪人对所有租赁问题几乎都不能自决,必须请示房东或上司。所以,遇上一些特别问题,往往会说:Let me have a word with the landlord / my boss first. 留意to have a word with是惯用语,意思是谈谈,切勿照字面把a word解作一个字,例如:There have been quite a lot of complaints about her service lately. I must have a word with her.(近来不少人诉说她的服务欠佳,我得跟她谈谈。)

除了租期,租房子时或须提出的问题还有:Do you require a deposit?(要交保证金么?),When can I move in?(我什么时候可以搬进来?),Are pets allowed?(容许饲养宠物吗?)

This way, please. 

我们的生活水平愈来愈高,发现身边的高级餐厅也就愈来愈多了。所以以前那种走进餐厅,横冲直撞自己找位子的事情已经被视为一种不太礼貌的行为。其实走进餐厅你应该耐心等候,让带位人员带我们去应该坐的位置。这个时候,他就会告诉你:"This way, please." "This way, please." ‘这边,请。通常多在餐厅里使用或是由引路的服务员向你说出。但是如果在路上你看到有个老外正在问路,你想帮他,但你的英文又不够好,不能确实详细地指出他想去地方的位置,你不能只说:"This way, please."你要跟他说:"Please follow me, I'll show you the way." ‘请跟着我,我会告诉你该怎么走。说起"way"这个字真是非常好用又简单,但是它有各种不同的意思。例如:"my way"就是我行事的方法。还有"by the way"就是顺便提起。还有一个是"on the way home" ‘正在回家路上
对话

A
This way, please.
B
Why don't we use the lift?
A
I afraid it's out of order. This way, please.
B
Again? Last month when I came here it was out of order...
甲:请这边走。

乙:为什么我们不乘用升降机?

甲:抱歉这部升降机坏了。请这边走。

乙:又坏了?上个月我来这里的时间它已经坏过了一次...

走进餐厅里,没有预订桌子,可以跟接待员说:Is there a table free?(有没有空桌子?)假如已经客满,她会告诉你:I'm sorry, sir. We're full this evening. 那你就得找另一家餐厅了。有时,她会请你等一下:There'll be a table ready in a few minutes(几分钟之后就可以有一张桌子给你。)那你就不妨稍候,直到有侍应走来说:Could you follow me, please?(请跟我来好吗?)假如有升降机,她会说:Let's take the lift.

说到升降机,住在水泥丛林’(concrete jungle) 里的人几乎天天乘搭,有些英文用语不妨谈谈。首先须指出,lift是英式叫法,美式英语叫elevator。升降机操作员在英国叫liftboy (= liftman)liftgirl,在美国则叫elevator operator。自动扶梯叫escalatormoving staircase都可以,切勿与liftelevator混淆。搭升降机上落,叫to go up / down in a lift;搭自动扶梯上落,叫to go up / down on an escalator。按钮要升降机来,英文可说:to push / press the button the call the lift;搭升降机去十二楼,可说:to take the lift to the twelfth floor。 升降机最常见的毛病,是中途突然停下来,不上不下,这叫做to get stuck,例如:The lift I was in got stuck.(我搭的升降机中途卡住了。)上餐厅吃饭,未入座先给困在升降机里,那才扫兴。

Does what it says here mean that...? 

中国人的一诺千金在现代生活中已经不复见了。现代人无论事情的大小好像都要靠一张合约来相互的约束。即使像Microsoft这么大的公司还是有可能和人家产生合约的纠纷。所以当你签订合约内容的时候,真是要逐字逐句好好斟酌。如果你对合约的内容有任何问题的话,一定要问清楚:"Does what it says here mean that...?"请问你这项条款的含意是..."Does what it says here mean that...? " 比较通用于商业上的洽谈中,是语气上比较小心谨慎的说法。比较口语化及常用的说法是:"Does this mean that...?" ‘这是代表什么意思呢?举个例子:"Does this mean that I can't get my money back?" ‘是否这表示我没有办法把我的钱拿回来吗?
对话

A
Before we sign this contract, may I confirm a couple of things?
B
Yes, of course. What are they?
A
Does what it says here mean that residuals should be paid?
B
That's right.
A
And here, does it mean that the contract should be renewed only upon your request?
B
That's correct.
甲:在我们签订合约之前,我可不可以确定几项事情呢?

乙:可以,当然可以。是什么呢?

甲:这儿写的,是不是表示要付节目回放费用呢?

乙:对。
甲:还有这儿,是不是指合约只有在你们提出要求的情况下才可以续约呢?

乙:对。

合约一旦签署,一切就告确定,无可反悔。确定协议、交易等,英文叫做clinch a deal,例如:By signing the contract, they clinched the deal.(他们签署合约,确定了这宗交易。)签署合约之前,当然要每项条文都彻底明白,否则就应问清楚。假如你表示要征询律师意见,或要求对方阐明一些细节,对方可能说:Okay, you can't be too careful about what is detailed in the contract. 这是什么意思呢?

假如你以为他是说:好吧,但你对合约的细则不能太过小心。那就错了。You cannot be too careful. 你怎样小心都不能(can't)算是(be)过份小心(too careful)’,换言之,你必须非常小心。这can't....too句式,在华人社会里常被误解,应该特别留意。现在谨再举几个例子:(1) This clause cannot be stressed too much.(这条款非常重要,怎样强调都不算过份。) (2) You cannot exaggerate / overemphasize the importance of punctuality.(守时非常重要,怎样强调都不算夸张)。(3) I cannot recommend him too highly for the post.(我认为他担任此职,非常适合。)读者也许会问:如果要说不必太过强调守时之重要等,英文怎么说?答案是用need notmust not代替cannot,例如:You must / need not exaggerate the importance of punctuality.

What I suggest is this. 

当你好心要为你的朋友提出一些建议或想法,其实有很多单字可以用的。例如有"Suggest""Advise"或者是"Propose"。今天要教大家一句是:"What I suggest is this." ‘我要为你建议的是...’其实suggest, advise propose 在应用上是有些微差别的。在程度上suggest比较随和,一个普通的建议如:"I suggest you go to another restaurant." ‘我建议你到别的餐厅去。原因可能是理性的也可能是个人的偏好。但假如说:"I advise you go to another restaurant."这个建议的背后就多数有一个理由,可能是这个餐厅的服务不好或者是另一家餐厅的水平更高。至于propose则较常用于重要的或者是商业上的决定:"I propose we close down this restaurant." ‘我建议把这间餐厅关掉。
对话

A
I'm afraid the bank won't advance us the money. What shall we do?
B
Well, what I suggest is this. We should try a joint venture in order to raise the cash.
A
I see. Do you have any particular company in mind?
B
Yes. How about Johnson & Smith?
甲:恐怕这家银行不会借钱给我们了。那我们该怎样办呢﹖

乙:嗯,我有这样的建议:我们应该尝试合资经营,用这种方式来筹集更多资金。

甲:我明白了。你心目中有没有什么可以合作的公司呢﹖

乙:有。约翰逊史密夫公司怎样﹖

提议英文是suggest。这个字看来简单,却是常被误用。我提议他申请银行贷款英文怎么说?假如你说I suggested him to apply for a bank loan.,那就错了。Suggest之后不可用 ‘to + 原形动词 (infinitive)’,也不可用受词 (object) + to + 原形动词。正确说法是I suggested that he (should) apply for a bank loan. I suggested that he applied for a bank loan. 第一个说法是比较正式的,that子句用原形动词,should字美式英语多会略去;第二个说法并不常见,that子句的动词随时间变化,改用现在时式就是I suggest that he applies for a bank loan. 向某人提议可以说I suggest to him that....,不能说I suggest him that....

Suggest之后用受词,是说提议某某,而不向某某提议,例如:I suggested Tom (for the job).我提议汤姆(出任该职)。’Suggest之后还可用动名词 (gerund,即ing形式动词),例如:I suggested applying for a bank loan.(我提议申请银行贷款。)

留意proposeadvise虽然也可解作提议,用法却和suggest颇有不同。你不可说:I suggest to apply for a bank loan. 但可说:I propose to apply for a bank loan.;不可说:I suggest him to apply for a bank loan.,但可说:I advise him to apply for a bank loan.,只是限于篇幅,advisepropose的用法这里不能细说了。

I wish I didn’t have to say this, but ... 

这几年经济低迷,失业率愈来愈高,裁员率也愈来愈高。据我的朋友说,每天进到公司里面,最害怕的一件事情就是打开计算机之后看到一封来自老板的邮件告诉你:对不起,你被开除了。就算你早上逃过一劫,但是也难保下午老板是不是又来敲你的门,然后告诉你:"I wish I didn’t have to say this, but..." 虽然不愿,可是我还是要说:"I wish I didn’t have to say this, but you’re fired." ‘我真希望我不用来告诉你,你刚刚被裁掉了。
I wish I didn’t have to say this, but...
只要你听到前面的半句话,就知道后面的半句肯定不是什么好事情。你太太可能会来跟你说:"I wish I didn’t have to say this, but I maxed out the credit card." ‘我真希望我不用告诉你,我刚刚把信用卡刷爆了。或者店员跑来告诉你:"I hate to say this, but your car has been towed." ‘我真是很抱歉通知你,你的车刚刚被拖走了。

对话
A
Excuse me. I’d like to talk with you. Can you come to my office?
B
Yes, I’ll be right over.
A
Have a seat.
B
Thank you.
A
I’ve been pleased with your work, but...
B
Yes?
A
I wish I didn’t have to say this, but the board of directors has agreed to cut down on the present staff.
B
I knew sooner or later this time would come.
甲:对不起,我有话想跟你说,请你到我的办公室来好吗﹖

乙:好的,我马上过来。(过了一会儿)

甲:请坐吧。

乙:谢谢。

甲:我一直很欣赏你的工作表现,可是...

乙:喔?

甲:我真希望自己不必说这些话,但是董事会决定了要削减员工。
乙:我知道这个日子早晚会来临的。

今天似乎处处都是裁员之声。机构裁员,有几个流行说法:downsizing(缩减编制)、rightsizing(调整至合适的编制)、re-engineering(重整),例如:Repeated downsizing has left the company very lean indeed.(公司多次瘦身,现在是非常苗条了。)公司瘦身,对雇员来说,往往等于炒鱿鱼。炒鱿鱼英文也有多个说法:dismiss, sack, fire, terminate, make redundant, lay off

Dismiss是很正式的说法,法律上,wrongful dismissal指违反合约的解雇,unfair dismissal指不合理的解雇,都可诉诸法庭;sack原意是麻袋,英国工业革命(Industrial Revolution)期间,工人须自备工具,离职时,雇主会给他一个大麻袋将工具带走,所以to give somebody the sack(给某人大麻袋)即炒他鱿鱼,简单一点的说法是把sack做动词,例如He was sacked (= He was given the sack) for frequent absences at work.(他经常缺席,被炒鱿鱼了。)和fire一样,sack一般不会用于文件或严肃场合之中。

Terminate, lay off, make redundant等是较新的说法。Terminate本来是指结束,说terminate somebody(了结某人)听起来很恐怖,所以有人反对以terminate解雇make redundant使成为冗员,而冗员自然难逃一裁;lay off从前多是指公司经营困难期间暂停聘用,但现在也等于,例如:I have been terminated / laid off / made redundant.(我被炒了鱿鱼。)

I know it’s difficult, but I’d appreciate it if you could. 

今天要教大家一个非常受用的字,那就是"Appreciate",中文意思是感谢、欣赏的意思。为什么说你会非常受用呢?除了要表示感谢之外,有的时候想请别人帮忙,甚至有点强人所难的时候,这句话都会非常好用:"I know it’s difficult, but I’d appreciate it if you could." ‘我知道这很困难,但是如果你能做得到的话,我会非常感激你的。
"I’d appreciate it if you could."
这真是一句太棒的话了。因为在这句话的后面你可以加上所有合理甚至是不合理的要求。例如你可以说:"I’d appreciate it if you could lower your voice." ‘如果你可以小声一点的话,我会非常感谢你。或者你也可以说:"I’d appreciate it if you could fly me to the moon." ‘如果你可以把我飞上月球去的话,我会非常欣赏你的。知道怎么用了吧?

对话
A
We’d like to place an order for one thousand units of this component.
B
You mean catalogue No. 2158?
A
Yes. And we need them immediately. Could we get them delivered this after noon?
B
Well, I wish we could, but ......
A
I know it’s difficult, but we’d appreciate it if you could. We’re completely out of stock at the moment.
甲:我们打算订购一千件这种零件。

乙:你是指目录上的 2158 号吗﹖

甲:是的,我们马上就要。可以在今天下午送货吗﹖

乙:嗯,我们也希望可以,不过
......
甲:我知道这事很难,但如果你们可以办到的话,我们会很感激的。 我们的存货现在已完全卖光了。

Appreciate这个字,口头上、书面上都很常用,但在华人社会里却常见误用,例如不说I’d appreciate it if you could. 而说I’d appreciate if you could.

Appreciate解作感谢欣赏,是及物动词 (transitive verb),必须和受词 (object) 连用,例如:I really appreciate all the help you have given me.(真感谢你给我的种种帮忙)。I would appreciate if you could. appreciate却没有受词,文法自然不对;要改正,必须加一it字,那it代表if子句 (clause) 所说的事,作appreciate的受词。谨再举一例:I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.(=I would appreciate an early reply祈尽早赐复,至感。)

上述appreciate句子当然都可用被动语态 (passive voice) 改写,例如:An early reply would be (much / greatly) appreciated. It would be appreciate if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.

此外,商业书信往往把appreciate当作明白知道,其后可用受词或that子句,例如:(1) I appreciate your worries, but would like to say that they are unfounded.(阁下之忧虑不难明白,但并无根据。) (2) I appreciate that you would like to expand your business.(我明白贵公司有意扩展业务。)但appreciate的这个用法很不自然,即使商业书信最好也改用understand一字,一般写作、说话等更是如此。

 


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